I Almost Watched My Client’s Business Die. Here’s the Michigan Commercial Auto Insurance Secret I Learned That Saved the Next One.

Part 1: The Flaw in the Foundation

Introduction: The Myth of the “Good” Policy

For the first decade of my 15-year career as a commercial insurance broker here in Michigan, I thought I had it all figured O.T. My mission was simple and noble: protect the dreams of fellow Michiganders.

I worked with landscapers, contractors, delivery services, and countless other small businesses—the lifeblood of our state’s economy.

I took immense pride in my work.

I would spend hours comparing quotes, negotiating with underwriters, and presenting my clients with what I genuinely believed was a “good” policy—a solid set of coverages at a competitive price.

But a slow, creeping dread began to settle in over time.

It started with a phone call here, a confusing claim denial there.

I began to see that the policies I was so proud of, the ones that looked perfect on paper, were sometimes failing my clients in their most desperate moments.

An accident would happen, and a business owner I had personally assured was “fully covered” would be facing a financially devastating gap, an unexpected exclusion, or a claim denial that made no sense to them.¹

These weren’t isolated incidents or simple bad luck.

I was witnessing a pattern.

And with each heartbreaking story, I came to realize that the standard approach to buying commercial auto insurance in Michigan wasn’t just flawed; it was a trap.

The unique complexity of our state’s laws creates a minefield, and I was leading my clients straight into it, armed with a map that was missing half the dangers.

The Day the Standard Policy Failed: A Landscaper’s Story

The moment that shattered my professional confidence for good involved a small, family-run landscaping company out of Oakland County.

I’ll call them “Green Acres.” They were the classic American success story—started by a father and son with a single pickup truck and a dream.

Over five years, they had built a loyal client base and a small fleet of three trucks.

They were hardworking, honest people, and I felt a deep responsibility to protect what they had built.

I placed them with what I considered a robust commercial auto policy.

It had liability limits well above the state minimums, collision coverage on all their trucks, and a few other common endorsements.

We both felt confident they were secure.

Then the call came.

One of their trucks, towing a trailer with a brand-new zero-turn mower, was involved in a chain-reaction pile-up on I-75.

Their employee was seriously injured, and the truck and mower were mangled.

The accident was initiated by a driver who was both uninsured and speeding.

The unraveling of their business began almost immediately.

The claims process, which should have been their safety net, became a cascade of denials that exposed the fatal weaknesses in their “good” policy.

First, the other driver had no insurance.

This meant Green Acres had to turn to their own policy’s Uninsured Motorist (UM) coverage to pay for their employee’s significant medical bills and lost wages.³

The UM limits we had selected, which seemed reasonable at the time, were exhausted almost instantly by the first round of surgeries.

This left the company directly exposed to ongoing medical costs.

The second blow was even more shocking.

The claim for the destroyed zero-turn mower—a critical piece of equipment worth over $15,000—was denied.

Buried deep in the policy language was a subtle but devastating exclusion for certain types of property and equipment being transported, a nuance specific to that particular insurance carrier’s interpretation of Michigan regulations.¹

While the truck itself was covered under their collision policy, the very tool that generated their income was not.

The final result was a tragedy.

Faced with crippling medical bills for their valued employee, the loss of their essential equipment, and mounting legal fees, Green Acres couldn’t recover.

They were forced to sell their remaining assets and close the business.

The dream was gone.

I’ll never forget the conversation with the owner, the mix of confusion and quiet devastation in his voice.

I had sold him a policy that followed all the standard rules, yet it had failed him at every critical juncture.

I felt a profound and sickening sense of responsibility.

I hadn’t just failed to protect his business; I had given him a false sense of security that led directly to its demise.

Part 2: The Paradigm Shift

The Epiphany: How Cybersecurity Taught Me to Rethink Insurance

In the months that followed, I was in a state of professional crisis.

My entire methodology, built over a decade, had been proven dangerously inadequate.

I couldn’t in good conscience continue to sell policies the same way, knowing they contained hidden vulnerabilities that could ruin another family’s life.

I became obsessed with understanding the root of the problem.

Why was Michigan commercial auto insurance so treacherous? And how could I build a truly resilient shield for my clients?

My search for answers led me far outside the insurance industry.

I started reading about risk management in other complex fields: aviation, engineering, and finally, cybersecurity.

It was there that I had an epiphany that would change my career forever.

I stumbled upon a foundational concept in digital security called “Defense in Depth”.⁶

The idea is brilliantly simple yet profound.

Cybersecurity experts know that no single defense is ever perfect.

A strong password can be guessed.

A firewall can be breached.

Antivirus software can miss a new threat.

Relying on any one of these alone is a recipe for disaster.

True security comes from layering multiple, different types of defenses.⁸

A hacker might get past the outer firewall (the network perimeter), but then they still have to deal with endpoint protection on the specific computer, multi-factor authentication to access an application, and data encryption on the files themselves.¹¹

Each layer is designed to stop a different type of attack, and they work together to create a system that is exponentially harder to defeat.

If one layer fails, the others are there to catch the threat.¹³

It was a lightning bolt.

I realized I had been selling my clients single “passwords”—a standard commercial auto policy—and telling them it was a fortress.

But Michigan’s complex legal environment, with its unique no-fault rules, tort exceptions, and varying liability standards, was like a team of sophisticated hackers constantly probing for a single point of failure.

My entire perspective shifted.

The goal was no longer to “find the best policy.” The goal was to help my clients design the most resilient system.

I wasn’t a salesperson anymore.

I had to become a risk architect.

The “Defense in Depth” Framework for Michigan Commercial Auto Insurance

This new philosophy required a new framework, a way to visualize and build an insurance program as a multi-layered security system.

I translated the principles of cybersecurity into the world of commercial auto insurance, creating a model that any business owner could understand and use to evaluate their own protection.

The core idea is to stop thinking of your insurance as a single product and start thinking of it as a series of defensive layers, each with a distinct purpose.

Just as a cybersecurity expert wouldn’t dream of protecting a corporate network with only a firewall, a Michigan business owner cannot protect their company with only the legally mandated minimum coverage.

This table represents the core of that new framework.

It maps the layers of a robust cybersecurity strategy to the essential components of a truly protective Michigan commercial auto insurance program.

It provides a mental model that transforms you from a passive insurance buyer into an active architect of your company’s financial defense.

Cybersecurity Layer	Corresponding Insurance Layer	Purpose: What It Protects Your Business From
Network Firewall	Mandatory Liability (No-Fault, BI/PD)	Legal and regulatory penalties; basic third-party claims. Stops you from getting fined or jailed for non-compliance.
Endpoint Protection	Collision & Comprehensive	Physical damage, destruction, or theft of your own business vehicles—your critical assets or “endpoints.”
Access Management	Hired & Non-Owned Auto (HNOA)	Liability from accidents involving vehicles you don’t own but are used for your business (e.g., employee cars, rentals). Manages “who” has access.
Threat Detection	Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (UM/UIM)	Financial loss caused by a specific, common threat: other drivers with little or no insurance.
Disaster Recovery	Commercial Umbrella Policy	Catastrophic liability claims that breach all other defenses and threaten the survival of your entire business.

Part 3: Building Your Defenses, Layer by Layer

Using this framework, let’s deconstruct what a truly protected Michigan business needs, building the defenses from the outside in.

Layer 1: The Firewall – Mandatory Foundational Coverage

This is your outermost wall, the absolute bare minimum required to operate a vehicle legally in the state of Michigan.³

Like a basic network firewall, its primary purpose is not to offer robust protection but simply to meet legal and regulatory requirements, stopping you from facing fines or even jail time for driving uninsured.³

To think this layer alone is sufficient is one of the most dangerous mistakes a business owner can make.

This layer is composed of Michigan’s unique No-Fault coverages.

Deconstructing Michigan’s No-Fault Law

Michigan’s auto insurance system is famously complex because it’s a “no-fault” state, but that term is widely misunderstood.

It consists of three mandatory parts ¹⁵:

1. Personal Injury Protection (PIP): This is the heart of the no-fault system. If you or one of your employees is injured in an auto accident, this coverage pays for their medical expenses and a portion of lost wages, regardless of who caused the accident.¹⁵ Following the 2020 insurance reforms, policyholders can now choose different PIP coverage limits, with some options as low as $50,000 for those on Medicaid or the ability to opt-out entirely if you have specific qualifying health coverage.¹⁷ For a business, choosing anything less than unlimited PIP medical benefits is an enormous gamble. An employee’s severe injury could easily surpass lower limits, exposing the business to lawsuits and crippling financial responsibility.
2. Property Protection Insurance (PPI): This is a coverage unique to Michigan. It pays up to $1 million for damage your vehicle does to other people’s property within the state.⁴ This includes things like buildings, fences, guardrails, and, crucially,
   properly parked vehicles. What it absolutely does not cover is damage to any other moving vehicle involved in an accident.¹⁵
3. Residual Bodily Injury & Property Damage (BI/PD): This is the part of your policy that functions like traditional liability insurance in other states. Because the no-fault law protects you from being sued in most minor accidents, many people underestimate the importance of this coverage. However, you can still be sued—and held financially liable—in several key situations ¹⁶:

• If you cause an accident in Michigan where someone is killed or suffers a serious injury or permanent disfigurement.
• If you are involved in an accident in another state.
• If you are involved in an accident in Michigan with a non-resident driving a vehicle not registered in Michigan.

In these scenarios, your BI/PD coverage is what stands between your business and a massive lawsuit.

The state-mandated minimum liability limits have increased since the 2020 reforms, but they are still dangerously low for a commercial enterprise.³

This leads to one of the most critical points of confusion for business owners: the vast difference between what is commonly quoted as a “minimum” and what is actually required for most commercial vehicles.

Vehicle Type	Commonly Quoted “Minimum” Liability	The Sobering Reality (Actual Mandated Minimums)
Standard Business Autos (e.g., Sedans, Vans)	$50,000 per person / $100,000 per accident Bodily Injury 3	This is the default minimum, but it is grossly inadequate. A single serious injury claim can easily exceed $1 million, leaving your business exposed for the difference.
Commercial Trucks (>10,001 lbs)	Often confused with standard auto limits	$750,000 Combined Single Limit (CSL).21 For most commercial trucking operations, this federally mandated minimum is the	actual legal floor in Michigan, as the state has adopted the federal regulations.21

The most important thing to understand about this “Firewall” layer is that its weakness is a feature, not a bug.

The government-mandated minimums are not designed to make your business whole after a catastrophic event; they are designed to be the lowest possible legal bar to clear.

The $750,000 federal minimum for trucks, for instance, sounds like a lot of money, but that figure was set in the 1980s and has not been adjusted for inflation.²¹

Accounting for rising medical and other costs, that limit should be somewhere between $1.7 million and $3.2 million today to provide the same level of protection.²¹

Furthermore, that $750,000 is often a single limit that must be divided among multiple victims in a serious crash, diluting its value even further.²¹

Relying on this firewall alone is like trying to protect your modern business with 40-year-old technology.

It will keep you compliant, but it will not keep you solvent.

Layer 2: Endpoint & Asset Protection – Securing Your Own Fleet

If the firewall is about legal compliance and protecting you from third-party claims, this second layer is about protecting your own valuable assets—your “endpoints” or “devices.” For many businesses, their vehicles are their most critical and expensive tools.

A fleet of damaged trucks or vans can bring operations to a grinding halt.

This is where another dangerous myth about Michigan’s No-Fault law comes into play.

Many people hear “no-fault” and assume it means they are never financially responsible for damage to their own vehicle after a crash.

This is completely false.

In fact, multiple official state documents go out of their way to state in all caps: YOUR NO-FAULT INSURANCE DOES NOT PAY FOR REPAIRS TO YOUR CAR.¹⁵

With one rare exception—if your vehicle is legally parked and hit by another car—your mandatory no-fault policy will pay nothing toward repairing or replacing your own vehicle if it’s damaged in an accident.⁴

This is a shocking gap for many business owners.

To protect your own fleet, you must add this second, optional layer of defense.

• Collision Coverage: This is your primary shield for your assets. It pays to repair or replace your vehicle if it is damaged in a collision with another object (like a car, pole, or building), regardless of who is at fault.³ In Michigan, there are typically three forms of collision coverage offered:

• Limited Collision: Only pays for your repairs if you are not more than 50% at fault.
• Standard Collision: Pays for your repairs regardless of fault, but you must pay your deductible.
• Broad Form Collision: Pays for your repairs regardless of fault, and your deductible is waived if you are not more than 50% at fault.⁴
  
  For a business, Standard or Broad Form is almost always the prudent choice.
• Comprehensive Coverage (or “Other Than Collision”): This is your defense against chaos and non-driving events. It pays for damage to your vehicle from sources other than a collision, such as theft, fire, vandalism, flooding, hail, or hitting an animal.³ For a commercial fleet that is often parked in various locations overnight, this coverage is indispensable.

The need for this layer is further underscored by Michigan’s “mini-tort” system.

This exception to the no-fault rule allows the other driver to sue you for up to $3,000 to cover their own repair costs and deductible if you are more than 50% at fault for an accident.⁴

While a small amount, it’s another out-of-pocket expense that a properly structured policy with collision coverage can help manage.

Failing to purchase this “Endpoint Protection” layer is rarely a savvy cost-saving measure; it’s a decision often born from a fundamental misunderstanding of what the “Firewall” layer does and, more importantly, does not do.

Layer 3: Threat Detection & Access Management – Covering How and Who

A sophisticated security strategy doesn’t just build walls; it anticipates specific types of attacks and manages who has access to the system.

This third layer of insurance defense does exactly that.

It’s about managing the immense risks associated with the human element—your drivers—and the specific threats they will inevitably encounter on Michigan roads.

• Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (UM/UIM): This is your dedicated “Threat Detection System.” It is designed to neutralize one of the most common and dangerous threats in Michigan: a driver who causes an accident but has little or no liability insurance to pay for the damage they’ve caused.³ After the 2020 reforms allowed Michigan drivers to choose lower liability limits, the risk of being hit by an “underinsured” driver skyrocketed. If your employee is seriously injured by a driver with only $50,000 in liability coverage, your UM/UIM coverage is what steps in to pay for medical costs and damages beyond that meager limit. This was the exact coverage that failed my landscaper client because the limits were too low. In today’s environment, robust UM/UIM coverage is not an optional “add-on”; it is a mission-critical defense.
• Hired and Non-Owned Auto (HNOA): This is your “Access Management” protocol, and it is arguably the most critical and dangerously overlooked coverage for modern businesses. It addresses a simple question with billion-dollar implications: what happens when an accident involves a vehicle you use for your business but do not own?.²⁴

• The Hidden Threat: The scenario is terrifyingly common. You ask an employee to run to the post office or a supplier in their personal car. A salesperson drives their own vehicle to meet with clients. Your catering business has drivers making deliveries in their own sedans. If that employee causes a serious accident while performing that work-related task, your business will be named in the lawsuit.²⁶ The employee’s personal auto policy will respond first, but those policies often have low liability limits. Once that policy’s limit is exhausted—which can happen quickly in a serious crash—the plaintiffs’ attorneys will come after your business for the rest. HNOA is the layer of liability insurance that sits on top of the employee’s policy to protect the company’s assets.²⁸
• “Hired” auto coverage applies to vehicles you rent, lease, or borrow for business, while “Non-Owned” applies to employees using their personal vehicles.²⁵

The risk of a devastating HNOA claim has become a perfect storm in Michigan.

The 2020 no-fault reforms that allowed individuals to carry lower personal liability limits mean that the foundational layer of protection—the employee’s own policy—is now significantly weaker than it used to be.¹⁷

At the same time, the modern economy, with its emphasis on delivery, remote work, and the gig model, means more businesses are relying on employees using personal vehicles than ever before.

This convergence creates a situation where the underlying protection is weaker while the business’s exposure is greater.

Failing to have a strong HNOA layer is no longer a minor gap; it’s a gaping, undefended gateway into your company’s bank account.

Layer 4: The Catastrophe Failsafe – The Commercial Umbrella Policy

This is your final and most powerful line of defense.

This is your “Disaster Recovery Plan.” When a truly catastrophic attack gets through all your other layers—a multi-million dollar judgment from a horrific, multi-fatality accident—the Commercial Umbrella Policy is what keeps your entire business from collapsing into bankruptcy.²⁹

An Umbrella policy is a distinct policy that provides an extra layer of liability coverage, typically sold in increments of $1 million, that sits on top of your other primary liability policies, including your Commercial Auto and General Liability.³¹

Here’s how it works: Imagine your commercial auto policy has a liability limit of $1 million (your “Firewall” and “Threat Detection” layers).

One of your trucks is found at fault for a highway pile-up, and the court awards a judgment of $2.5 million against your company.

Your primary auto policy would pay its full limit of $1 million.

Without an umbrella, your business would be on the hook for the remaining $1.5 million, an amount that would bankrupt most companies.

If you had a $2 million Commercial Umbrella policy, however, it would activate after the primary policy was exhausted and pay that remaining $1.5 million, saving your business.³³

Many business owners assume this level of protection must be prohibitively expensive, but that’s a misconception.

Because an umbrella policy only pays out on rare, catastrophic claims after the primary policies have been fully depleted, the risk to the insurer is lower, making it one of the most cost-effective ways to add a massive amount of protection.³²

A policy providing millions in extra coverage can often be purchased for a surprisingly reasonable annual premium.

The Commercial Umbrella is more than just higher limits; it’s a strategic tool that completes the “Defense in Depth” model.

It provides the ultimate peace of mind, transforming the conversation from “Are we covered for this specific event?” to “We have a robust plan for the worst-case scenario imaginable.” It is the failsafe that protects you from the unknown, “black swan” event that can destroy even the most well-run business.

Part 4: The Framework in Action

Proof of Concept: Saving the Delivery Service

A few years after the Green Acres tragedy and my subsequent epiphany, a new client came to my office.

It was a startup—a fast-growing courier and delivery service operating throughout the Detroit metro area.

They had a fleet of five branded cargo vans but also relied heavily on a dozen part-time drivers using their own personal vehicles for smaller, on-demand jobs.

They were a perfect test case for my new “Defense in Depth” framework.

Instead of just finding them a cheap policy, we sat down and designed their defenses, layer by layer.

• Layer 1 (Firewall): We didn’t settle for the minimums. We secured a primary Commercial Auto policy with a $1 million combined single liability limit and unlimited PIP medical benefits.
• Layer 2 (Endpoint Protection): We placed full Standard Collision and Comprehensive coverage on all five of their valuable cargo vans, ensuring that an accident wouldn’t sideline their core operations.
• Layer 3 (Threat Detection & Access Management): We implemented robust UM/UIM limits to protect them from Michigan’s sea of underinsured drivers. Critically, we added a strong Hired and Non-Owned Auto (HNOA) liability endorsement to cover the massive exposure created by their part-time drivers using personal cars.
• Layer 4 (Disaster Recovery): To cap it all off, we put a $2 million Commercial Umbrella policy in place, sitting over both their Commercial Auto and General Liability policies.

They were hesitant about the premium at first—it was more than the quick quotes they’d gotten online.

But after I walked them through the landscaper’s story and explained the purpose of each layer, they understood.

They weren’t just buying a policy; they were investing in resilience.

Less than a year later, the system was put to the test.

One of their part-time drivers, while rushing a delivery in his own Honda Civic, ran a red light and T-boned a vehicle carrying a family visiting from Ohio.

The injuries were severe, and the lawsuit that followed named both the driver and my client’s delivery business.

The initial demand from the plaintiff’s attorney was for $1.75 million.

Under the old model, this would have been a company-ending event.

But with the “Defense in Depth” framework, the system worked exactly as designed.

1. The employee’s personal auto policy, which had low limits, responded first and was quickly exhausted.
2. Our HNOA coverage on the commercial policy immediately kicked in as the second layer, covering the liability well above the employee’s personal limits.
3. The primary $1 million commercial auto liability limit was more than enough to handle the eventual settlement.
4. And sitting in reserve, the $2 million umbrella policy provided the ultimate peace of mind, ensuring that even if the judgment had been far higher, the business would have survived.

The delivery service was able to continue its operations without interruption.

They were protected.

The system had held.

It was one of the proudest moments of my career.

Conclusion: You Are the Architect of Your Company’s Resilience

That experience solidified what I now know to be the fundamental truth of insuring a business in Michigan.

My journey from a conventional broker who unwittingly sold a policy that destroyed a business to a risk architect who designed a system that saved one was painful but necessary.

My epiphany wasn’t about discovering a secret insurance product; it was about discovering a new way of thinking.

That is the power I want to leave with you.

As a business owner, you cannot afford to be a passive consumer of insurance.

You must become the chief architect of your own company’s defenses.

Stop asking, “Am I getting a good price?” and start asking, “Is my defensive system complete?” Pull out your current commercial auto policy.

Look at it not as a document, but as a blueprint of your fortress.

Do you see all four layers?

• Is your Firewall set at a realistic limit, not just the legal minimum?
• Do you have Endpoint Protection to repair or replace your own vehicles?
• Do you have Threat Detection for uninsured drivers and, most critically, Access Management for the massive risk of non-owned vehicles?
• And finally, do you have a Disaster Recovery plan—an Umbrella—to survive a catastrophic attack?

If any of these layers are missing or weak, you are not just underinsured; you are exposed.

You are one bad day, one distracted driver, one complex Michigan lawsuit away from becoming another story like my landscaper client.

The tools are available.

The framework is clear.

The choice to build a resilient business that can withstand the inevitable shocks is yours.

You are the architect.

Build accordingly.

Works cited

1. 9 Reasons A Commercial Insurance Claim Could Be Denied | NEXT, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.nextinsurance.com/blog/commercial-insurance-claim-denial/
2. Why Michigan’s Auto Insurance Laws Need to Change: What You Can Do About Denied Claims, accessed August 9, 2025, https://junelaw.com/why-michigans-auto-insurance-laws-need-to-change-what-you-can-do-about-denied-claims/
3. Commercial Auto Insurance in Michigan | Insureon, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.insureon.com/small-business-insurance/commercial-auto/michigan
4. Purchasing Auto Insurance FAQ – State of Michigan, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.michigan.gov/difs/news-and-outreach/faq/insurance/info-purchasing-auto-insurance
5. What Happens When the Insurance Company Refuses to Pay My Car Accident Claim? – Medical Malpractice Lawyers in Michigan, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.cochranlaw.com/accidents-injuries-topics/insurance-company-refuses-to-pay-my-car-accident-claim
6. The Importance of a Multi-Layered Approach to Cybersecurity – GlobalSign, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/multi-layered-approach-cybersecurity
7. Election Security Spotlight – Defense in Depth (DiD), accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.cisecurity.org/insights/spotlight/cybersecurity-spotlight-defense-in-depth-did
8. What is Layered Security & How Does it Defend Your Network?, accessed August 9, 2025, https://blog.totalprosource.com/what-is-layered-security-how-does-it-defend-your-network
9. Cybersecurity Layers Explained: Defense in Depth Done Right | by Karthikeyan Nagaraj | Infosec Matrix | Jul, 2025 | Medium, accessed August 9, 2025, https://medium.com/infosecmatrix/cybersecurity-layers-explained-defense-in-depth-done-right-97bccd0d92ec
10. Defense in Depth [Beginner’s Guide] | CrowdStrike, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/cybersecurity-101/exposure-management/defense-in-depth/
11. The 3 Main Elements of Layered Security – Ericom Software, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.ericom.com/glossary/what-is-layered-security/
12. What is Defense-in-Depth (DiD)? – Delinea, accessed August 9, 2025, https://delinea.com/what-is/defense-in-depth-did
13. What is Defense in Depth? Architecture and Examples – Wallarm, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.wallarm.com/what/defense-in-depth-concept
14. Is commercial insurance required by law in Southeast Michigan? | Blog, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.atlasautohome.com/blog/is-commercial-insurance-required-by-law-in-southeast-michigan/
15. Brief Explanation of Michigan No-Fault Insurance – Michigan’s Auto Insurance Law Has Changed, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/difs/Publication/Auto/FIS-PUB_0202.pdf?rev=7f43969712ec4c269abfc0cbf8a843ef
16. Michigan Commercial Auto Insurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.progressivecommercial.com/commercial-auto-insurance/michigan/
17. What is Considered a Commercial Vehicle in Michigan, and What Happens if One Hits Me?, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.855mikewins.com/what-is-considered-a-commercial-vehicle-in-michigan-and-what-happens-if-one-hits-me/
18. Michigan Auto Insurance Reform | Michigan No-Fault Insurance – Frankenmuth Insurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.fmins.com/auto/personal-auto/michigan-no-fault/
19. Brief Explanation of Michigan No-Fault Insurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/autoinsurance/PDFs/FIS-PUB_0202a.pdf
20. Commercial Auto Insurance in Michigan | The Hartford, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.thehartford.com/commercial-auto-insurance/michigan
21. Michigan Commercial Truck Insurance Requirements, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.michiganautolaw.com/truck-accident-lawyer/trucking-laws/commercial-truck-insurance-requirements/
22. Commercial Auto Insurance Requirements in Every State – Business.com, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.business.com/insurance/commercial-auto-state/
23. Understanding Michigan Commercial Auto Insurance – Frost and Remer, accessed August 9, 2025, https://insurancebyfrost.com/michigan-commercial-auto-insurance/
24. Hired and Non-Owned Auto Insurance HNOA | Travelers Insurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.travelers.com/business-insurance/commercial-auto/hired-non-owned-auto-coverages
25. Hired and Non-Owned Vehicle Insurance | HNOA, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.thehartford.com/commercial-auto-insurance/hired-non-owned-auto
26. Hired and Non-Owned Auto Insurance – Compare Quotes | TechInsurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.techinsurance.com/hired-non-owned-auto-insurance
27. Hired & Non-Owned Auto Insurance – What Is It? (& Why Your Business Needs It) – YouTube, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_LXvSC8iGk
28. Defining Hired and Non-Owned Auto Liability – R&R Insurance Services, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.myknowledgebroker.com/blog/business-insurance/hired-and-non-owned-auto-liability/
29. Commercial Umbrella Insurance | The Hartford, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.thehartford.com/commercial-umbrella-insurance
30. Commercial Liability Umbrella Insurance – Michigan Insurance Company, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.michiganinsurance.com/our-products/commercial-insurance/commercial-excess-liability-umbrella-insurance
31. Commercial Umbrella Insurance, accessed August 9, 2025, https://connerinsgrp.com/michigan-business-insurance/commercial-umbrella-insurance/
32. Commercial Umbrella Insurance – Davis-Vandenbossche Agency, Inc., accessed August 9, 2025, https://dvainsurance.com/business-insurance/commercial-umbrella-insurance/
33. Commercial Umbrella | Insurance Policy | Novi MI – Professional Underwriters, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.profunderwriters.com/services/insurance/commercial-insurance/commercial-umbrella/
34. Commercial Umbrella Insurance Cost: Fast & Free Quotes – Insureon, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.insureon.com/small-business-insurance/umbrella-liability/cost
35. Umbrella Insurance From biBerk | Get Coverage Today, accessed August 9, 2025, https://www.biberk.com/small-business-insurance/umbrella-insurance